欢乐女神

　　宣纸---原产地为中国安徽省泾县境内的丘陵山区（泾县古时属于宣州府，现属于宣州市管辖，因此称为"宣纸"）。宣纸--品质纯白细密，柔软均匀，棉韧而坚，光而不滑，透而弥光，色泽不变，而且久藏不腐，百折不损，耐老化，防虫防蛀，故有"千年寿纸"的美称。 宣纸的种类众多，按选料可分为：棉料、净皮、特净三大类。

　　宣纸又分为生宣、熟宣和半生熟宣。熟宣纸是用矾水加工制过的，水墨不易渗透，遇水不化开，但和其它纸张的效果也不一样；可作整细致的描绘，可反复渲染上色，适于画青绿重彩的工笔山水。生宣纸是没有经过矾水加工的，特点是吸水性和渗水性强，遇水即化开，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，能收到水晕墨章、浑厚化滋的艺术效果，多用于写意山水画。熟宣用画容易掌握，但也容易产生光滑板滞的毛病；生宣作画虽多墨趣，但渗透迅速，不易掌握。故画山水一般喜欢用半生半熟宣纸。半生熟宣纸遇水慢慢化开，既有墨韵变化，又不过分渗透，皴、擦、点、染都易掌握，可以表现丰富的笔情墨趣。

　　历代文人墨客书画名家无不珍爱喜用宣纸。用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。产生出特殊丰满的艺术效果。

　　一般来说棉料，是指原材料檀皮含量在40％左右的纸，较薄、较轻；净皮是指檀皮含量达到60％以上的；而特皮原材料檀皮的含量达到80％以上。皮料成分越重，纸张更能经受拉力，质量也越好；对应使用效果上就是：檀皮比例越高的纸，更能体现丰富的墨迹层次和更好的润墨效果，越能经受笔力反复搓揉而纸面不会破。

Lesson 3,  Introduce one of Chinese four treasures of the study—paper

Xuan Zhi – original producing place at mountain area of Jing county, Anhui province, (at ancient time, Jing county is pertain to Xuan state, and now it belong to Xuan city.) Xuan Zhi—it is called “a thousand of years longevity paper”, for having so many qualities inherent, such as: soft and firm、bright but none slippery、the colour is never changed and moreover storing for a long time unrotten、uneasy to be damage、be able to endure aging、guard against insect, etc. there are three kinds of Xuan Zhi, according to it’s material, those are divided in to three varies: one is cotton material that means the content of paper reached 40% with a kind of  tree material, thin and light; another is net husk means that the content of paper reached 60% with original tree husk; and third is special husk  that the content of paper reached 80% with original tree material. The more weight of component the more better in quality. The higher tree husk the higher effect in showing the ink in rich way and meanwhile unlike to break even rub it repeatedly.

Xuan Zhi is also distinguished into three sorts: crude、refined and the one between above of them. Refined Xuan Zhi is processed by alum water, which is different from other paper, especially uneasy sink by the liquid ink and also non melt in water. Regarded as describing meticulous in whole painting, meanwhile repeating to add colour as needed normally be usd in painting colourful landscape. Crude Xuan Zhi is unprocessed by alum water, it’s character is having more strong ability of absorbing water and sinking in water, and melt collided with water, that is to bring rich diversification of ink to reach an art effect of  charming and bright , mostly using in enjoyable landscape. Refined Xuan Zhi is easy command in drawing but the shortcoming is stiff; although it will be more interesting drawing at crude paper, it is still uneasy to master and seep quickly. For this reason, drawing landscape normal using the paper in half crude and half refined which is slowly melted with water not only having diversification in ink but seeping merely shallow as well. meanwhile, whatever in every method of drawing, it can be manifested of having more interesting of brush and ink.

From ancient time till now, all the famous painters have favorite of preferring Xuan Zhi for painting which be effected more elegant and more splendid.

以上扇面画为熟宣和熟绢　　以下是生宣效果